Pneumatic hammer.



MI 1 l 1. l, m 11| s` 0 W Y m R 5 N51 n H w@ w .a m m. 1| IH 1 l l Lw@ lWMM w m v l h.% fuk l J M & E W RAIKES PNEU'MATIG HAMMER. APPLICATIONFILED mals, 1904.

PATENTED JULY 24, 190.6. J. M. 6L E. W. RAIKES.

PANBUMATIG HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED 1320.19. 1904.

y 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

yUNITED STATES PNUMATIC HAMMER.

Specificationl of Letters Patent.

PATENT oEEroE 4OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Patented .my 24, 1906.

v Application tied December 19,1904. senti No. 237,418.

To @ZZL whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES M. Ramas and EDWARD W. Ramas, citizens of theUnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and Stateof Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic*Hammers of which the following is a full, clear,` and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanyin drawings. i heobject'of this invention is to provide a pneumatic hammer in a formwhich shall be very simple in construction, effective in service, andnot liable to' get 'out of order. To thisend we have'devised a hammerhaving very few parts, and those so arrangedthat the may be cheaplyconstructed.

he invention may be bestsummarized as consisting of the. combination ofthe parts hereinafter explained, and definitely setout 1. in the claims.

-" longitudinal sections t AIn the drawings, Fi ures 1, 2, vand 3 areough the hammer, the sections being taken on different planes a throu hthe various passage-ways, as indi- 'is a valve-casing a', in which avalve C is placed which is roperated by the air itself to change thedirection of the stroke of the piston with the barrel and valve-casing ais a tubular casing as, providing an admission-chamber a, into which theair is continuously ader c?. air is shut off from the ,automatic valveC.

mitted and which has a hand-operated valve to admit the air to thevalve-chamber a.

Screwing into one end of the admissioncasing a is atubular plug D,`which is ada ted to receive the air-pipe Z. Sliding wit 'n the bore'o'f this casing a is a tubular valve E, which has an opening c,'adapted to aline or 'be out of alinement Withthe port c5 of theassage-wa c", leading to thel valve-chamen the-valve E covers the porta5,

en, however, the ort e alines with the port a, airis admitted l o theautomatic valve. The valve Eis controlled. by a hand-lever F, bearingon'the stem e of the valve and piv- A repreas hereinafter explained.Integral also' ment of the valve.

oted to the handle c,

ally with the barrel of thetool. between the valve E to hold-the valve Ein closed position. When, however, the finger-lever F is drawn towardthe handle as,.the valve E isforced inward to'- ward the spring, theopening e registering with the port as, and thereupon air is admittedthrough the passage-way av to the valvechamber a2.

Leading from thev valve-chamber a2 into the bore a of the barrel is apassage-way a. The chamber ahas a cylindrical extension a, and from this,extension a assage-way an leads along, in the wall of the barrel to apoint A spring whichI is made inteand the plug D, tends4 beyond theouter end ofthe piston. The

valve C c nsists of three solid pistons c', c2, and c3, mounted on acommon` stem c. The istons c c2 occupy the larger portion of the ore a2of the valve-chamber, andthe piston `c3 occupies the extension c,Leading from the extension-chamber e c3 lis an exhaust-port a, andleading from the chamber a2 betweenthe valve-heads c c2 is anexhaust-port c. The end of the chamber a2 is closed, as by means of alug H, and the space between this plug andp the valvehead c is connectedby a assage-way a1s with the main bore a interme` iate of the entranceof the passage-wa s a and al.

valve-hea s will be best un the iston is near't e outer end of itsstroke, as s own in Figs. 1 and 2, and that the valve E is forced inwardto constantl the passa e-way a, the valve position s .own in Fig. 1, theair sage-way af into lthe chamber a passes through the passage-way a toforce the piston inward, and at the same time, acting onthe larger areaof the head c, itV starts the valve toward thev left. Before the valvehas moved far, however, the piston has coveredv beyond the piston l Thepur ose o the passage-ways and the' A erstood from a i I description ofthe operation. Assuming that` admit air tof` being inlthej.

fromthepasff the entrance to the passage-way al, and this blocks the.plug H and the head c and retards the ymovelthe piston uncoversthe passye-way cthe air at the left of the ag exit from the space between theWhen the outer endof.

the air-pressure on the right side of the head I cl forces the` valvetothe left, time the piston has reached the inner endof its stroke and isbounding back by means. of the air-cushion therein the p assage-way a iscoupled with the passage-way a".

so that-by the Live air is end ci? ward, forcing the air beyond it outthrough thel passage-way cl2 and the exhaust a. en the inner end of thepiston uncloses tliepassage-wa a1G 011 its Outward Stroke the compressethrough the passage-way L15 onto the left side o the head c and, actingon greater area .than the head c2, forces the valve to the right.

,This closes the exhaust a at substantially ,thesame time that thepiston strikes its blow the barrel.

onthe die J, and thus,'as the piston is rebounding into the positionshown in Figs. 1 and 2, the live air is again admitted through thepassage-way a beyond the piston, causing thecontinuance of the inwardmovement thereof, and before the valve has time to shut off thepassage-way al the piston has covered Athe pass e-way a, blocking themovement of the va Ve. .lt will thus be seen that the iston Breciprocates rapidly backward and lorward, and the valve C isautomatically shifted by the vair itself to control the piston.

A small groove al in the bore a leads from the port a to the inner endof the bore to start the rpiston from its innermost position, should itbe there at the beginning of the operation.

It will be seen that our hammer ma hammer is made of a single forgedpiece. The .bore a and the chamber e2 and the chamber 1a* are all easilybored out and the various ports conveniently machined to Imake them theright size. The simple screw-plug H yclosesthe chamber a2, a screw-plugK closes air in the barrel enters .very cheaply constructed. The body oithe' the assage-way a", and the screw-plugs D` and form the ends of theadniission-chamber a". The construction is extremely simgple 'and isthoroughly accessible. The removal of the various screw-plugs allows theremo-val of the parts and the cleaning of the passage-ways.

It not .infrequently.happens that the'admission-Valve of a pneumatichammer is accidentally o ened before the die is against its Work,and t eair thus forces the hammer against the die and shoots them both out ofln doing structural work on buildings this is dangerous, for these partssometimes pass to the sidewalk below. lt also entails much loss of time.To obviah` this, we provide mechanism for holding the die to the toolwithout interferingr with its o eration. Such mechanism consists of a seeve P, screw-threaded onto the outer snrface of the barrel near itsfree end. At its outer end this sleeve has an inwardly-extended flangep. The die J has thc usual cylindrical portion j occupying the barreland has an Icuter portion j', which occupies a circular hole in theflange p. The dio also has intermediately. a projecting collar flsliding freely -erating the admission-valve, and .a fpassag sesgada theinturned ends of a wire or other member I to temporarily held the die inplace when the hammer is used in work not r uiring the permanent-holdingmeansaboxe ascribed. y u'. u 80 pneumatic tool, a barrel, .a valvecasingon t e outer side-thereof' arallel-therewith and bored out tubularlyomthe head end of the tool, a screw-plluglfor closing said casingaccessible from t e ead end of .the

tool, an automatic piston-valve in -said cas-l ing, three passage-waysfrom said casing .to

the main bore ofthe barrel, combined .with a second casin formedtransversely at .the head of the arrel, an admission-valverin suchsecond casin a looped handle vor the tool formed beyon the secondcasing, means conveniently accessible at said handle -for opway formedalong the wall of the barrelbetween said two casings, substantially asdei scribed.

2. In apneumatictool, a-cylinder,.a piston adapted to reciprocatetherein, a valve-chamber, a .piston-valve occupying said chamber andhaving three heads, twofoflthe heads being of different area and thethird .head hav- .ing an area greater than such difference, and

ar e-headed end Aof the valve,` combined wit 1 an admission-valvechamber carried by the cylinder at its head end crosswise'o thecylinder, an admission-valve in such chamber, manual means foroperating-the admission-Valve, and a tissage-way admission-valve ciamber and the valvechambor .first nicntioned. i

3. In a pneumatic tool, the combination of a barrel open at one endand'closed at the other, a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, anadmissioli-valvc chamber formed at the head of the cylinder crosswisethereof, a handle beyond the admi ssion-valve chamber, a chamber for anautomat-ic valve alongside of the barrel, a pair of pas 1re-ways leadingfrom the automatic-valvesadliamber to the cylinder, a piston-valveoccupying said autoetween the Vmatie-valve chamber and having threeheads, `sa 'e.way from the cylinder to the automaticone of which issmaller than the other two, va ve chamber beyond the large end of thesaid pistonQvalve being adapted to stand ,valve when so positioned.

with one of said assage-Ways between such In'te-stimony whereof Wehereunto aiix x5' 5 small head and t e next-head, and the other oursignatures in 'the presence of two Wit= passage-Way between the othert'Wo heads, nesses.

an admission passage-Way leadin from the IJAMES MQRAIKES.admission-valve' Chamber and 'sehargin vEDWARD W. RAIKES. between ltheheads when the valveiisin sai Witnesses: -I

roosition', an exhaust passage-Way controlled v L.I THURSTON,

by the small head, and an additional pas- ALBERT H. BATES.

